tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-50974519882778383432024-03-05T23:51:47.058-08:00Tromsø: A City as a GardenTromsø: A City as a GardenUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger13125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5097451988277838343.post-15290064315985146932012-11-25T16:35:00.000-08:002013-02-07T23:30:00.057-08:00Concept<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Tromsø: A City as a Garden</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"><span style="font-size: small;">“I dream of a recyclable city.”</span></span></b><br /><b><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"><span style="font-size: small;">– Gilles Clément* </span></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></b><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"><span style="font-size: small;">The project Tromsø: A City as a Garden looks at the Norwegian city of Tromsø through the eyes of a gardener. In a garden, nothing is wasted. The gardener’s tasks rotate through a cycle: preparations, cultivation, consumption and reuse. And as we know from the example of Sami gardens, a garden is not only about growing food – it is place to live, to share, to gather with friends, and to store materials, such as wooden boards. It is a place rich in resources, even when their use is not immediately visible, like an old car with parts that can be reused in the future.<br /><br />Tromsø: A City as a Garden seeks to understand the city as just such a sustainable organism, created and cultivated by the people who live there. As they prepare themselves for the dramatic climate change they expect to affect their city, what natural resources do the people of Tromsø rely on? Who are their friends and who will soon be their guests? During our research visit to the city in October, we were shown an enormous number of maps used by local researchers as tools for redefining the city’s position in the Arctic region as well as its relation to the surrounding local area. We learned that the lines on maps are not borders but connections and that surviving is about dependence and adaptability.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />The project Tromsø: A City as a Garden is, fundamentally, a mapping process that will lead to a new understanding of the city. Over a period of four days, March 4th-8th, 2013, the students of the Tromsø Academy of Contemporary Art, HFBK students from Hamburg, and participants in the UniGrowCity project will join Tromsø residents in an exploration of their city. We plan to work on eight tasks, each of which will generate a new map – and a new understanding of the living environment: gathering (in the “boat-house”), growing (at the HOLT greenhouse), harvesting (“dumpster diving”), preparing resources and materials (at Remiks), improvising (the construction of a houseboat with Kåre Grundvåg</span></span></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"><span style="font-size: small;">, and other workshops), exploring (spaces of living and coexistence), mapping (for example, available spaces with Rakel Fredrikson), and storytelling (sharing strategies at the Troms County House).</span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></b><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"><span style="font-size: small;">Though small, Tromsø is a bustling city proud of its strong universities and global research centres. The city aspires to be a leading force in shaping new power relationships in the Arctic; recently, it became the seat of the Secretariat of the international Arctic Council. How will Tromsø residents negotiate their existence between sustainability and the over-exploitation of the “new” North? <a href="http://books.google.de/books/about/The_New_North.html?id=yIf-y_rFKEIC&redir_esc=y" target="_blank">(The New North, Laurence Smith)</a><br /><br />The UniGrowCity project, working with partners in a number of European cities, explores local conditions with the goal of developing a network for exchanging knowledge and practices about sustainable living. For its part, Tromsø: A City as a Garden seeks to share the experiences and knowledge of the extreme environmental conditions in which the people of Tromsø find themselves in these precarious times.<br /><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><b>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;">*“Conversation between Gilles Clément, Marjetica Potrč and Gillain Roussel” (Oct. 4, 2011), http://www.leslaboratoires.org/en/article/conversation-gilles-cl-ment/la-semeuse-ou-le-devenir-indig-ne; Gilles Clément is a landscape architect, gardener and writer, known for such concepts as “Gardens of Resistance”, “The Garden in Motion”, “The Planetary Garden”, and “The Third Landscape” (http://www.gillesclement.com/).</span></span></span></span><b><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></span></span></b><br />
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5097451988277838343.post-55678491355791406162012-11-25T06:04:00.006-08:002013-03-06T00:04:19.022-08:00Program<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span class="TextRun SCX170390158" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">UniGrowCity</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Tromsø</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">, March 4-8, 2013</span></span><span class="EOP SCX170390158" style="font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX170390158" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">During the </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">UniGrowCity</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">
gathering, March 4-8, 2013, participants will enter a world of
do-it-yourself building, reusing materials, and growing and harvesting
vegetables. Here water is seen as a precious natural resource and a
territory that is less regulated than land. We will revisit the concept
of the commons at a time when public space is increasingly being
privatized, and we will rethink the relationship between city residents
and nature in an age we call the </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Anthropocene</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX170390158" style="font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX170390158" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">We will take a houseboat project by </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Kåre</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Grundvaag</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">, an art student at the </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Tromsø</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">
Art Academy as a case study that articulates out-of-the box ideas
relating to existence and co-existence in the city, as well as the
possibilities to move the world through artistic practice. Housing is
one of most pressing problems for </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Tromsø</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">
residents, as it is extremely expensive and scarce. Viewing the problem
as an opportunity for re-imagining the housing problem, </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Kåre</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> has designed the houseboat, which will be constructed from recycled materials, as a family house on a floating platform by the </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Tromsø</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> shoreline. During the </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">UniGrowCity</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> gathering we will work with him on the construction of the houseboat.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX170390158" style="font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX170390158" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">UniGrowCity</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Tromsø</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> is hosted by </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Tromsø</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> Art Academy (partner in the </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Unigrow</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> City Network) programmed and organised in collaboration between Veronica </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Wiman</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> (Professor </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Tromsø</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> Art Academy) with </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Margrethe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Pettersen</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> (Artist based in </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Tromsø</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">) and </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Marjetica</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Potrč</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> (Professor the University of Fine Arts/HFBK) with students</span></span><span class="EOP SCX170390158" style="font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX170390158" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">of Design for the Living World, HFBK Hamburg. The program will take place at the </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Tromsø</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> Art Academy as well as off sites in the city.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX170390158" style="font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX170390158" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">The program of </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Unigrow</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> City </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Tromsø</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> is based on meetings with local partners as well as </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">thematical</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> conversations related to the chosen focus. Students of </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">HfBK</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> invites us to be part of their research and life in </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Tromsø</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">
based on their interaction and exchange with residents: among other
things, we will harvest vegetables and share leftover food, exchange
skills and knowledge, practice time-banking, through living with local
residents.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX170390158" style="font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX170390158" style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">On March 7, </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">UniGrowCity</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Tromsø</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;"> participants will meet with </span><span class="SpellingError SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">Tromsø</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX170390158" style="background-color: inherit;">
residents to discuss and articulate recommendations to the mayor for
more sustainable living based on citizen participation and community
building. Focused discussions on food, construction, water, space, and
residents' rights and responsibilities will be organized as the World
Café at the Troms County House, where we will also present our
recommendations to the public.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX170390158" style="font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5097451988277838343.post-62114071001409901602012-11-25T06:04:00.003-08:002013-02-07T23:44:23.268-08:00Guiding Principles for sustainable Communities<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 22px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Design principles – guiding principles </span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 22px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- The Transition Handbook</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> (Transition Towns) gives set of rules, not </span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">regulations.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Elinor</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Ostrom</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">, Nobel Prize in Economics 2009, the commons.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Design Principles for CPR Institutions</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Ostrom</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> identified eight "desi</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">gn principles" of stable local common pool resource management:</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">1. Clearly defined boundaries (effective exclusion of external un-entitled parties);</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">2. Rules regarding the appropriation and provision of common resources that are adapted to local co</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">nditions;</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">3. Collective-choice arrangements that allow most resource appropriators to participate in the decision-making process;</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">4. Effective monitoring by monitors who are part of or accountable to the appropriators;</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">5. A scale of graduated s</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">anctions for resource appropriators who violate community rules;</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">6. Mechanisms of conflict resolution that are cheap and of easy access;</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">7. Self-determination of the community recognized by higher-level authorities;</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">8. In the case of larger common-</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">pool </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">resources,organization</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> in the form of multiple layers of nested enterprises, with small local CPRs at the base level.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- Permaculture Principles</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">12 Principles of Permaculture by David Holmgren</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">1. Observe and Interact </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">– “Beauty is in the mind of t</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">he beholder”</span></span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">By taking the time to engage with nature we can design solutions that suit our particular situation.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">2. Catch and Store Energy </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">– “Make hay while the sun shines”</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">By developing systems that collect resources when they are abundant, w</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">e can use them in times of need.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">3. Obtain a yield </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">– “You can’t work on an empty stomach”</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Ensure that you are getting truly useful rewards as part of the working you are doing.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">4. Apply Self Regulation and Accept Feedback</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> – “The sins of the fat</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">hers are visited on the children of the seventh generation”</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">We
need to discourage inappropriate activity to ensure that systems can
continue to function well. Negative feedback is often slow to emerge.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">5. Use and Value Renewable Resources and Servi</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">ces </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">– “Let nature take its course”</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Make the best use of nature’s abundance to reduce our consumptive behavior and dependence on non-renewable resources.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">6. Produce No Waste</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> – “Waste not, want not” or “A stitch in time saves nine”</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">By valuing and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> making use of all the resources that are available to us, nothing goes to waste.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">7. Design From Patterns to Details</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> – “Can’t see the forest for the trees”</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">By stepping back, we can observe patterns in nature and society. These can form the backbone</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> of our designs, with the details filled in as we go.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">8. Integrate Rather Than Segregate </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">– “Many hands make light work”</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">By putting the right things in the right place, relationships develop between those things and they work together to support eac</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">h other.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">9. Use Small and Slow Solutions</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> – “Slow and steady wins the race” or “The bigger they are, the harder they fall”</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Small and slow systems are easier to maintain than big ones, making better use of local resources and produce more sustainable</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> outcomes.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">10. Use and Value Diversity </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">– “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket”</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Diversity
reduces vulnerability to a variety of threats and takes advantage of
the unique nature of the environment in which it resides.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">11. Use Edges and Value th</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">e Marginal</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> – “Don’t think you are on the right track just because it’s a well-beaten path”</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">The
interface between things is where the most interesting events take
place. These are often the most valuable, diverse and productive
elements in the system.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">1</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">2. Creatively Use and Respond to Change</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> – “Vision is not seeing things as they are but as they will be”</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">We can have a positive impact on inevitable change by carefully observing and then intervening at the right time.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- Serge </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Latouche</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Declaration of </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Degrowth</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">This Declaration is the product of a workshop held at the Conference on Economic </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Degrowth</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> for Ecological</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Sustainability and Social Equity held in Paris on 18-19 April 2008. It reflects the points of vie</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">w of the conference</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">participants and articulates the vision of the </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Decroissance</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> movement.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Paris, 19 April 2008</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">We, participants in the Conference on Economic </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Degrowth</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> for Ecological Sustainability and</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Social Equity held in Paris on 18-19 April 2008, make</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> the following declaration:</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">1. Economic growth (as indicated by increasing real GDP or GNP) represents an increase in</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">production, consumption and investment in the pursuit of economic surplus, inevitably leading to</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">increased use of materials, energy an</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">d land.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">2. Despite improvements in the ecological efficiency of the production and consumption of goods and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">services, global economic growth has resulted in increased extraction of natural resources and</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">increased waste and emissions.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">3. Global econom</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">ic growth has not succeeded in reducing poverty substantially, due to unequal</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">exchange in trade and financial markets, which has increased inequality between countries.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">4. As the established principles of physics and ecology demonstrate, there is an eventu</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">al limit to the</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">scale of global production and consumption, and to the scale national economies can attain without</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">imposing environmental and social costs on others elsewhere or future generations.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">5. The best available scientific evidence indicates tha</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">t the global economy has grown beyond</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">ecologically sustainable limits, as have many national economies, especially those of the wealthiest</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">countries (primarily </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">industrialised</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> countries in the global North).</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">6. There is also mounting evidence that global</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> growth in production and consumption is socially</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">unsustainable and uneconomic (in the sense that its costs outweigh its benefits).</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">7. By using more than their legitimate share of global environmental resources, the wealthiest nations</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">are effectively re</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">ducing the environmental space available to poorer nations, and imposing adverse</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">environmental impacts on them.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">8. If we do not respond to this situation by bringing global economic activity into line with the</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">capacity of our ecosystems, and redistribut</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">ing wealth and income globally so that they meet our</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">societal needs, the result will be a process of involuntary and uncontrolled economic decline or</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">collapse, with potentially serious social impacts, especially for the most disadvantaged.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">We therefore ca</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">ll for a paradigm shift from the general and unlimited pursuit of economic</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">growth to a concept of "right-sizing" the global and national economies.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">1. At the global level, "right-sizing" means reducing the global ecological footprint (including the</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">ca</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">rbon footprint) to a sustainable level.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">2. In countries where the per capita footprint is greater than the sustainable global level, right-sizing</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">implies a reduction to this level within a reasonable timeframe.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">3. In countries where severe poverty re</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">mains, right-sizing implies increasing consumption by those in</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">poverty as quickly as possible, in a sustainable way, to a level adequate for a decent life, following</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">locally determined poverty-reduction paths rather than externally imposed development poli</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">cies.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">4. This will require increasing economic activity in some </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">cases;but</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> redistribution of income and wealth</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">both within and between countries is a more essential part of this process.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">The paradigm shift involves </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">degrowth</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> in wealthy parts of the w</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">orld.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">1. The process by which right-sizing may be achieved in the wealthiest countries, and in the </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">globaleconomy</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> as a whole, is "</span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">degrowth</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">".</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">2. We define </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">degrowth</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> as a voluntary transition towards a just, participatory, and ecologically</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">sustainable </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">society.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">3. The objectives of </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">degrowth</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> are to meet basic human needs and ensure a high quality of life, while</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">reducing the ecological impact of the global economy to a sustainable level, equitably distributed</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">between nations. This will not be achieved b</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">y involuntary economic contraction.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">4. </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Degrowth</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">
requires a transformation of the global economic system and of the
policies promoted and pursued at the national level, to allow the
reduction and ultimate eradication of absolute</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">poverty to proceed as the</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> global economy and unsustainable national economies </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">degrow</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">5. Once right-sizing has been achieved through the process of </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">degrowth</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">, the aim should be to</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">maintain a "steady state economy" with a relatively stable, mildly fluctuating level of consumptio</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">n.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">6. In general, the process of </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">degrowth</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> is </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">characterised</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> by:</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- an emphasis on quality of life rather than quantity of consumption;</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- the fulfilment of basic human needs for all;</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- societal change based on a ra</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">nge of diverse individual and collective actions and policies;</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- substantially reduced dependence on economic activity, and an increase in free time,</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">unremunerated activity, conviviality, sense of community, and individual and collective</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">hea</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">lth;</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- encouragement of self-reflection, balance, creativity, flexibility, diversity, good citizenship,</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">generosity, and non-materialism;</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- observation of the principles of equity, participatory democracy, respect for human</span></span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">rights</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">,</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">and respect for cultural differences.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">7. Progress towards </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">degrowth</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> requires immediate steps towards efforts to mainstream the concept</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">of </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">degrowth</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> into parliamentary and public debate and economic institutions; the development of</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">policies and tools</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> for the practical implementation of </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">degrowth</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">;
and the development of new, non-monetary indicators (including
subjective indicators) to identify, measure and compare the benefits</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">and costs of economic activity, in order top assess whether changes in econom</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">ic activity contribute</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">to or undermine the fulfilment of social and environmental objectives.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- Gilles Clement</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Gardens of Resistance - new governance</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">A DREAM IN SEVEN POINTS FOR A NEW GOVERNANCE</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Key words as they appear in the text:</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">the common good</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">-</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> planetary stirring</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- emergent ecosystems</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- delocalization of production and distribution systems</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- natural and cultural hybridization</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- emergent economy</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- evolution</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- dependence</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- self-sufficiency</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- non-vital exchanges</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- vital exchanges</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- atomization</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- ne</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">tworking</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- planetary garden</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- symbiotic man</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">A Dream in Seven Points for Gardens of Resistance</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">1. • </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">A
garden of resistance is an area, public or private, where the art of
gardening – for sustenance, pleasure, parks or other programs of
accompanime</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">nt,
urban or rural –is practiced in harmony with nature and man, free of
market domination. Diversity, both biological and cultural, as well as
the preservation of water, soil and air is encouraged </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">for the common good.</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">2. • </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">A garden of resista</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">nce
is part of a life style that, in a larger sense, reflects the
relationship between man and his socio-biological environment . As in
the Garden in Motion, this relationship, or the </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">economy of life</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> , does as much for and as little against existing en</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">ergies.
This applies to daily acts in all domains and is relevant at all
levels. However, a constant state of alert must be maintained in order
to avoid confusing consumerist values with ecology.</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">3. • </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Environment friendly practices emerge from gard</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">ens of resistance. They propose a way of life that is not wasteful of the common good as a basis for a new economy.</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">This economy is the confrontation of two processes:</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- One is the </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">planetary stirring</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> of all living things and of distant exchange systems, </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">leading to a series of biological and social readjustments : </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">emergent ecosystems. </span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- The other, </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">delocalization </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">of
exchange and distribution systems, minimizes global production and
management costs, hence controlling pollution and carbon balance.</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Planetar</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">y stirring multiplies exchanges and encounters between beings and cultures traditionally apart. These encounters produce the </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">natural and cultural hybridization</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> involved in the global process of evolution.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">The </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">delocalisation</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> of exchange and distribution s</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">ystems resulting from planetary stirring is an important aspect of the </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">emergent economy,</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">
composed of new patterns of exchange (emerging ecosystems) and of new
priorities: spend less and better, consume less and better, establish a
dynamic sharing process.</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">4. • </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">The emergent economy of gardens of resistance consolidates two opposing forces:</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> • One is connected to distant exchanges, generating </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">dependence</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">•</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">The second , connected to local exchang</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">es, allows </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">self-sufficiency</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">
The emergent economy of gardens of resistance does not favor one or the
other with regard to bulk exchange but establishes the frontier
between dependency and self-sufficiency affirming that :</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> • </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Non-vital exchanges</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">
are tied to distance and dependence. A distant accident would only have
an incidental impact upon the emerging economy and would not place it
in danger.</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> • </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Vital (or highly necessary) </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">exchanges are linked to p</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">roximity, hence to self-sufficiency. </span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">A distant accident would not modify performance.</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">
• None of the exchanges that could occur in gardens of
resistance should, in principle, contribute to the deterioration of
the biological or social b</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">alance</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">5. • </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Gardens of resistance already exist on the planet in dispersed form. This </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">dispersion (“atomization”) </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">is the logical consequence of self sufficiency but does not necessarily require </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">a network.</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">A policy favorable to the emergent eco</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">nomy,
originating from gardens of resistance and in a larger sense from the
Planetary Garden, should federate a system with no legislative curbs in
order to:</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> • establish fair exchanges</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> • establish forums for high leve</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">l artistic and scientific exchanges </span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> • encourage the exchange of immaterial goods derived from planetary cultural diversity</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Dispersion (“atomization”</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">), difficult to apprehend, operates in favor of resistance </span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">6. • </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> As long as th</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">e
belief persists that capitalism is the only possible model, its
destructive presence must be energetically challenged by multiplying
“resistances” on the planet, forming a Milky Way that gains in force and
intensity with time.</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">The substitution of one sys</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">tem
by another is not necessarily a deflagration but an implosion, an
irreversible shift from unjust to fairer distribution of imposition ,
from unjust to fairer distribution of goods – at least statistically –
and from the privatization of the </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">common go</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">od </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">towards their </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">municipalization</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">.</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">It then becomes possible to federate a dispersed “(atomized”) system and establish a political project in harmony with the</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> planetary garden.</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">7. • </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> The Planetary Garden merges the Gardens of Resistance into a single</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> concept. When resistance operates on a planetary level, a plan for </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">humanistic ecology </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">becomes possible.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">The
Planetary Garden is based upon the notion of diversity, underlining
humanity’s dependence upon biological and non biological heterogeneity
and h</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">ence
its vulnerability. A key question is “How to capitalize from diversity
without destroying it?” Indeed, any modification of the ecological
balance through human behavior, causing the disappearance of non human
species, ultimately condemns mankind. A </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">sc</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">ientistic</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">
vision of the future, substituting technology for circumspect
management of natural resources, could only precipitate the “garden”
towards destruction.</span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">The Planetary Garden must federate comprehension of the living with intelligent use </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">of technological assistance. It presumes a level of </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">knowledge</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> sufficient to run the garden by offsetting removal and return to the </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">milieu. Symbiotic man</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> is in a key position to maintain this balance while biotic potential continues to obey the evolutiona</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">ry process.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SCX261179664"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Theoretically,
these seven points open the way to new governance and, implicitly,
prepare a new political program leading to the establishment of a novel
government, complete with ministries and their responsibilities. As in a
dream, the outli</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">ne
of a Constitution whose introductory articles establish the foundation
for a society in which sharing and growth of knowledge supplant
competition emerges.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Charte</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">, Theatre </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Evolutif</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">,</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> Bordeaux, 2011</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">http://potrc.org/b/library_rights</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- The Right to Rig</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">ht, The Partial Declaration of Human Wrongs; by </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Libia</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> Castro and </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Ólafur</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Ólafsson</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">, 7th Liverpool Biennial, 2012</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><a class="Hyperlink SCX261179664" href="http://potrc.org/b/library_rights" style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="TextRun Underlined SCX261179664" style="color: navy; font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px; text-decoration: underline;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">http://potrc.org/b/library_rights</span></span></a><span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX261179664" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">- The Manifesto of Urban Cannibalism</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> (www.urbanibalism.org) </span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">an ongoing project by </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Wietske</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;"> Maas and Matteo </span><span class="SpellingError SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">Pasquinelli</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">, 2012</span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX261179664" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX261179664" style="background-color: inherit;">http://potrc.org/b/library_rights </span></span><span class="EOP SCX261179664" style="font-family: 'Liberation Serif',Sans-Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5097451988277838343.post-64017215240051385532012-11-25T05:00:00.000-08:002013-01-23T06:54:37.696-08:00Shared Knowledge<br />
The Art Between Ethnic Politics and Capital Flow <br />
http://samiartfestival.org/participants/3<br />
<br />
Northern Experiments (a publication)<br />
http://www.0047.org/publications/view/8<br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">PARTICIPATION</span></b><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Colaboration and participation seem to be the trending topics of many discussions concerning production (this in the arts but also in any other disciplines). It is what theorists call the parcipatory turn (there also being an educational turn-the fever of museums and art institutions to have an educational program). The collapse of certain production and economic models has obliged us all to rethink how we do and propo- se, but of course collaborating is no new practice.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Looking back we spot in the begining of the 1960s this same flourishing of collective practices, and also those were times when rethinking the models was necessary. The post-war reconstruction helped relax the national and ideological boundary concerns, which gave way to experimentation, the sexual revolution was at stake, art became projects, exhibitions became happenings and spectators became participants.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This new spectator is very well spotted by french philosopher Jacques Rancière in his conference given at the International Summer Academy of Arts of Frankfurt in 2004 where he delevopes the idea of an spec- tator who is no longer a passive agent of recieving information (as it is undertood by neo-liberal powers today). He critizises the practices in which the artists or producers think about audience and do not permit this to generate their own process of intervening (this can be intelectually.) Also in The Ignorant School- master: Five Lessons in Intellectual Emancipation, published in 1981 he depicts the idea of education as</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a parcipatory process, which i recond highly relevant for this discussion. In this text he gives the example of pedagogue Joseph Jacotot who revolutioned the educational systems by teaching a language he did not speak. He then started guiding the scholars through the language, but not shortening the way of learning by telling them the answers. Rancière developes through this book the idea of an emacipated scholar, spectator, and citizen who can be able to produce their own criteria by judging and comparing their own culture and what is offered from any other external producer. Therefore a participation takes places, not an imposition. Coming back to the spectator and the art production, Rancière critisizes the paradox of political art being faithful to the mimetical traditional art, and to think and use this for the pedagogical model and art practices.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrUbmqucM18wtrhaha2O9Q1LTRBfMaHTKYS_As27QPs9ilG7KHbxSvwIJsDN8wuffCFM_Daf2xnDXm-qJxuLwdwF7_CQAhZLLjX7wChEKuGOqXQA2gQoZ7HW0xH768S9oeOVqr1C7AudE/s1600/ranciere.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrUbmqucM18wtrhaha2O9Q1LTRBfMaHTKYS_As27QPs9ilG7KHbxSvwIJsDN8wuffCFM_Daf2xnDXm-qJxuLwdwF7_CQAhZLLjX7wChEKuGOqXQA2gQoZ7HW0xH768S9oeOVqr1C7AudE/s320/ranciere.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Covers of Jaques Rancière's texts</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">Looking at this more theoretical example to see how this turn shares time with an educational concern, I am interested in the studies and theories Lawrence Halprin developed in the 1960s about collaborative practices. He tried to develope a method that favoured the process over the result and the communal effort over indi- vidual authorship called the RSVP cycle. It is organized into four parts: with enough Resources (R), a clear score (S) and faculties of analysis that he termed “valuaction” (V), and idea can be performed (P).</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrKeS56dyjxJCAMawKAezbR_J15x4EKJ5LjPQ-Y5Zb6bl-ycE-PQxsGX4DnNFixbTWFEDghP5S9-a8bvn8xVLW6d-FZKovUXkV1ud2ijTRmu_woYpKN3-jeaRqa6t5LbVO4ALY_oFX3b8/s1600/rsvp+cycles.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrKeS56dyjxJCAMawKAezbR_J15x4EKJ5LjPQ-Y5Zb6bl-ycE-PQxsGX4DnNFixbTWFEDghP5S9-a8bvn8xVLW6d-FZKovUXkV1ud2ijTRmu_woYpKN3-jeaRqa6t5LbVO4ALY_oFX3b8/s400/rsvp+cycles.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sketches Lawrence Halprin did to explain his RSVP cycle.</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">Halprin saw this steps as necessary for collaboration, but not necessarily prescriptive of it, much more of an ethic as it is of a method. He planned a community on the west coast of California about 160 kilometers north of San Francisco called the Sea Ranch. In 1962 a group of architects was assembled including Halprin himself,</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">who convinced them that planning should begin through ecological scoring (one of the steps of the method-planning). Houses should have roofs pitched like the mountain slope to create a consistent wind movement;houses should be shingled or wooden; and the sixteen kilometers of shore line should be free of buildings. These rules were not followed as collaboration and eventually gave way to selfish desires.<br />To colaborate is to work jointly for a common goal. To participate is to take part in a project without the mandate to cooperate, in this project, with given time, common goals frangmented into individual needs. Halprin though of collaboration as a way of improving design.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6F8tpLQ4K8yyo5B4yNqO-Uh7bCC4-Ohlp0JDH6MX-e1Hoj-ax0zMHGc2FqTh-dPYPoP3QH2skwyyuAUfWMzGn48tmzw7EIfl32ObMnhqiosYS6J5so2wrxS0zmoHEVBnqcLYPi7QZm54/s1600/workshops+lawrence+halprin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6F8tpLQ4K8yyo5B4yNqO-Uh7bCC4-Ohlp0JDH6MX-e1Hoj-ax0zMHGc2FqTh-dPYPoP3QH2skwyyuAUfWMzGn48tmzw7EIfl32ObMnhqiosYS6J5so2wrxS0zmoHEVBnqcLYPi7QZm54/s400/workshops+lawrence+halprin.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sea Ranch housing and workshop</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Following with this “failed” example of Halprin, i am interested on talking about Chantal Mouffe ́s perspec- tive of participation and collaborative proyects. She is a Belgian political theorist born in Charleoir in 1943 concerned about the concept of ‘the political’, in proposing a radicalization of modern democracy – what she calls ‘agonistic pluralism’. She has recently developed an interest in highlighting the radical potential of ar- tistic practices. Her text Artistic Activism and Agonistic Spaces written in 2007 is where she mostly puts this concept through. She starts introducing the idea of activism and participation being neutralized by capitalist forces which makes these loose automatically its force, claiming that artistic critique has become and important element of capitalist productivity.<br />“What is needed is widening the field of artistic intervention, by intervening directly in a multiplicity of social spaces in order to oppose the program of total social mobilization of capitalism.” In her ideas she talks on how polical decisions taken noawadays make us citizens make a choice between conflicting alternatives, being part of an uncontested hegemony of liberalism. She differenciates the social from the polical (being this an institutional hegemony). “The social is the realm of sedimented practices, that is, practices that conceal the originary acts of their contingent political institution and which are taken for granted, as if they were self-grounded.” I think also it is interesting how she sees art as there allways being to it a political dimension and an aesthetic dimmension in the political, “Artistic practices play a role in the constitution and maintenance of a given symbolic order or in its challenging and this is why they necessarily have a political dimension. The political, for its part, concerns the symbolic ordering of social relations, what Claude Lefort calls ‘the mise en scène’, ‘the mise en forme’ of human coexistence and this is where lies its aesthetic dimension.” Here she starts introducing the idea of consensus and agonism explaining those proyects which activate agonistic public spaces have an objetive of unvealing the repressed by dominant consensus, confronting and opposing these ideas to a consenssus of parcipatory and artistic practices, thinking about this consensus as a way which tends to obscure and obliterate, and is again and again instrumentalized and silenced.<br />“To grasp the political character of those varieties of artistic activism we need to see them as counter-hege- monic interventions whose objective is to occupy the public space in order to disrupt the smooth image that corporate capitalism is trying to spread, bringing to the fore its repressive character”.<br />This pratice of subverting the dominant hegemony brings me back to Rancière ́s idea of constructing new subjetivities, non-passive actors which can intervine from a critical perspective.<br />Also she introduces the idea of the priviledge position of the modernist artist:“In fact this has always been their role and it is only the modernist illusion of the privileged position of the artist that has made us believe otherwise. Once this illusion is abandoned, jointly with the revolutionary conception of politics accompanying it, we can see that critical artistic practices represent an important dimension of democratic politics. This does not mean, though, as some seem to believe, that they could alone realize the transformations needed for the establishment of a new hegemony.” This last sentence is revealing to understand this practices as one of the ways to intervine, but necesarry to be accompanied by others.<br />Here there is a link to one of her lectures: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Wpwwc25JRU<br />To finish up I wanted to talk about the recent spanish movement of 15m, which took place in the entire estate and reinvidicated the rolle of citizens in political descissions. The most repeated slogan was “que no nos representan-we are not represented by them”. The social body asked for its autonomy “we are not represented by them” In this case, art does not need to give representations but give new forms of live and relations.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs4ImcQ2f1z23-wErSsscls3TwyDmAr8JsmEmkt3Ce7sSaOqOiOJs2ZmqCNm3xdJF8hPNHHCgVC8QlcXBXgaJsn3CFGibyqcz5kFrs-HL78QZ68oNJdlhQ9D07zhhqC1rorVvkhS6DU_U/s1600/no-nos-representan_electroduende_0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="122" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs4ImcQ2f1z23-wErSsscls3TwyDmAr8JsmEmkt3Ce7sSaOqOiOJs2ZmqCNm3xdJF8hPNHHCgVC8QlcXBXgaJsn3CFGibyqcz5kFrs-HL78QZ68oNJdlhQ9D07zhhqC1rorVvkhS6DU_U/s200/no-nos-representan_electroduende_0.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Spanish saying during 15m movement</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">This obliged us -and obliges us all- to rethink the concepts of multiplicity and happening in realtion to the contemporary artistic practices. If no one is to be represented by anyone, because the social body asks for its autonomy, art therefore must not represent anything but construct and produce new forms of live and new relations.</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">To exemplify this I wanted to use an artistic practice which took place in Madrid, in relation to the Centro de Arte dos de Mayo, in which a collective called Fast Gallery did an action called Futuro Imperfeto consisting of an open call inviting people to join them in the square with home made flags. This practice used the activism strategies also performing in direct action which by going to the streets and engaging people activated senses and spaces, also and most important, activated affections. They responded to the moment spain is going through with and action that permited to reinvent symbols in an imaginitive way and participation in this representation takes place.</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">So conecting to Mouffe ́s ideas of multiplicity, plurality and conflict being the nature of politics, we are here shown a public sphere conected to passions. Artistic practices are necessary in an esthetical and political sense, to reinvent and movilize affections.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqWSVW5hqspOTduZKQUa6381ET7_VQlRPDa1EfxAU8N-F61zfpOHGD8IfWf-SoH6tq8bx8R44vgq6mdIF7Qlk3DPB6cHpFMx8e3EGGCmjuOz5CBqi1cAzfBBV9u8T2jdBI61eu2s2xAd8/s1600/jj.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqWSVW5hqspOTduZKQUa6381ET7_VQlRPDa1EfxAU8N-F61zfpOHGD8IfWf-SoH6tq8bx8R44vgq6mdIF7Qlk3DPB6cHpFMx8e3EGGCmjuOz5CBqi1cAzfBBV9u8T2jdBI61eu2s2xAd8/s400/jj.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Intervention by spanish collective <i>Fast Gallery</i> in Madrid</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">I would like to end up quoting a brazilian socilogist called Suely Rolnik, who speaks about this subjetivity and active espectator-citizen: “Artistic practices can raise in those recieving them not only the concience of domination and explotation, its visible face, macropolitic, as activism does, but the experience of those power relations in their own body, its micropolitical power and unconcius, which inteferes in the process of subjectivity there where this collective gets caught to participate.”</span><br />
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5097451988277838343.post-24683696013507701732012-11-25T04:00:00.000-08:002012-11-25T06:28:28.662-08:00Resources<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Gilles
Clément: Gardens of Resistance</b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><b>A
DREAM IN SEVEN POINTS FOR A NEW GOVERNANCE</b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Key
words as they appear in the text:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">-<b> the
common good</b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: black;">- planetary
stirring</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: black;">- emergent
ecosystems</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: black;">- delocalization
of production and distribution systems</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: black;">- natural
and cultural hybridization</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: black;">- emergent
economy</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: black;">- evolution</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: black;">- dependence</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: black;">- self-sufficiency</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: black;">- non-vital
exchanges</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: black;">- vital
exchanges</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: black;">- atomization</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: black;">- networking</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: black;">- planetary
garden</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: black;">- symbiotic
man</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><br />A Dream in Seven Points for Gardens of Resistance</b><br /><br />
• A garden of resistance is an area, public or private, where the
art of gardening – for sustenance, pleasure, parks or other programs of
accompaniment, urban or rural –is practiced in harmony with nature
and man, free of market domination. Diversity, both biological and
cultural, as well as the preservation of water, soil and air is
encouraged for the common good.</span></span><br />
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• A garden of resistance is part of a life style that, in a larger
sense, reflects the relationship between man and his socio-biological
environment . As in the Garden in Motion, this relationship, or the
economy of life , does as much for and as little against existing
energies. This applies to daily acts in all domains and is relevant at
all levels. However, a constant state of alert must be maintained in
order to avoid confusing consumerist values with ecology.</span></span><br />
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• Environment friendly practices emerge from gardens of resistance.
They propose a way of life that is not wasteful of the common good as a
basis for a new economy.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This economy is the confrontation of two processes:<br />-
One is the planetary stirring of all living things and of distant
exchange systems, leading to a series of biological and social
readjustments : emergent ecosystems. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-
The other, delocalization of exchange and distribution systems,
minimizes global production and management costs, hence controlling
pollution and carbon balance.<br /><br />Planetary stirring multiplies
exchanges and encounters between beings and cultures traditionally
apart. These encounters produce the natural and cultural hybridization
involved in the global process of evolution.<br />The delocalisation of
exchange and distribution systems resulting from planetary stirring is
an important aspect of the emergent economy, composed of new patterns
of exchange (emerging ecosystems) and of new priorities: spend less and
better, consume less and better, establish a dynamic sharing process. <br /><br /> • The emergent economy of gardens of resistance consolidates two opposing forces:<br /><br /> • One is connected to distant exchanges, generating dependence</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /> • The second , connected to local exchanges, allows self-sufficiency<br /><br />The
emergent economy of gardens of resistance does not favor one or the
other with regard to bulk exchange but establishes the frontier
between dependency and self-sufficiency affirming that :</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
• Non-vital exchanges are tied to distance and dependence. A
distant accident would only have an incidental impact upon the emerging
economy and would not place it in danger.<br /> • Vital (or highly necessary) exchanges are linked to proximity, hence to self-sufficiency. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A distant accident would not modify performance.<br />
• None of the exchanges that could occur in gardens of resistance
should, in principle, contribute to the deterioration of the
biological or social balance<br /> • Gardens of resistance already
exist on the planet in dispersed form. This dispersion
(“atomization”) is the logical consequence of self sufficiency but does
not necessarily require a network. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A
policy favorable to the emergent economy, originating from gardens of
resistance and in a larger sense from the Planetary Garden, should
federate a system with no legislative curbs in order to:</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /> • establish fair exchanges<br /> • establish forums for high level artistic and scientific exchanges <br /> • encourage the exchange of immaterial goods derived from planetary cultural diversity</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Dispersion (“atomization”), difficult to apprehend, operates in favor of resistance <br />
• As long as the belief persists that capitalism is the only
possible model, its destructive presence must be energetically
challenged by multiplying “resistances” on the planet, forming a Milky
Way that gains in force and intensity with time.<br />The substitution of
one system by another is not necessarily a deflagration but an
implosion, an irreversible shift from unjust to fairer distribution of
imposition , from unjust to fairer distribution of goods – at least
statistically – and from the privatization of the common good towards
their municipalization.<br />It then becomes possible to federate a
dispersed “(atomized”) system and establish a political project in
harmony with the planetary garden.<br /><br /> • The Planetary Garden
merges the Gardens of Resistance into a single concept. When resistance
operates on a planetary level, a plan for humanistic ecology becomes
possible.<br />The Planetary Garden is based upon the notion of diversity,
underlining humanity’s dependence upon biological and non biological
heterogeneity and hence its vulnerability. A key question is “How to
capitalize from diversity without destroying it?” Indeed, any
modification of the ecological balance through human behavior, causing
the disappearance of non human species, ultimately condemns mankind. A
scientistic vision of the future, substituting technology for
circumspect management of natural resources, could only precipitate the
“garden” towards destruction.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <br />The
Planetary Garden must federate comprehension of the living with
intelligent use of technological assistance. It presumes a level of
knowledge sufficient to run the garden by offsetting removal and return
to the milieu. Symbiotic man is in a key position to maintain this
balance while biotic potential continues to obey the evolutionary
process.<br />Theoretically, these seven points open the way to new
governance and, implicitly, prepare a new political program leading to
the establishment of a novel government, complete with ministries and
their responsibilities. As in a dream, the outline of a Constitution
whose introductory articles establish the foundation for a society in
which sharing and growth of knowledge supplant competition emerges.</span></span><br />
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<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"><b>"the
principle of the recyclable city"</b></span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">"Another
crucial question is production, what I call the principle of</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">the
recyclable city. Can society continue to live in a limited space</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">with
a high population density without destroying that space? Yes, by</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">recycling
everything the way it should be done, locally. For a</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">gardener
the model is obvious – you know how to make compost, sort</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">things,
recycle organic material without using complicated containers</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">or
plastic bags. But if we force a consumer society to recycle</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">everything,
we would have to redesign the consumer objects to make</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">them
recyclable. We wouldn’t have at all the same goals, the same way</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">of
life. For that, I think that vegetable gardens and gardening can</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">become
a model for society, for energy management.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">In
a place like Aubervilliers, we face the typical problem of limited</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">space.
It’s surrounded on all sides, it’s not very big, but then</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">neither
is the planet."</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_PsJ3CqyOGD2jLm0ThCHxhAXkjTxUFuwvNZtR780HRU2ZGFbbciHXrQHtABCNCPbfGXwImblVupQuKs1UDIwMqKfmJDBdBfRnNJkL-mCBZxCSWN1uFgbD_TzaDhJhSW_Bf_KTgcBrWX4/s1600/t_05.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_PsJ3CqyOGD2jLm0ThCHxhAXkjTxUFuwvNZtR780HRU2ZGFbbciHXrQHtABCNCPbfGXwImblVupQuKs1UDIwMqKfmJDBdBfRnNJkL-mCBZxCSWN1uFgbD_TzaDhJhSW_Bf_KTgcBrWX4/s640/t_05.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">Gilles
Clément in "Conversation between Gilles Clément, Marjetica</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">Potrč
and Gillain Roussel" (Oct. 4, 2011),</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.leslaboratoires.org/en/article/conversation-gilles-cl-ment/la-semeuse-ou-le-devenir-indig-ne"><span style="color: #004ec7;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;">http://www.leslaboratoires.org/en/article/conversation-gilles-cl-ment/la-semeuse-ou-le-devenir-indig-ne</span></u></span></a><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">;</span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">Gilles
Clément is a landscape architect, gardener and writer, known</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">for
such concepts as "Gardens of Resistance", "The Garden
in Motion",</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">"The
Planetary Garden", and "The Third Landscape"</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(</span></span><a href="http://www.gillesclement.com/"><span style="color: #004ec7;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;">http://www.gillesclement.com/</span></u></span></a><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">).</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"><b>R-Urban</b></span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">R-URBAN
is a bottom-up strategy of urban resilience involving the</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">creation
of a network of locally closed ecological cycles linking a</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">series
of fields of urban activities (i.e., economy, habitat,</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">mobility,
urban agriculture, culture) and using land reversibly.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">*
AAA Atelier d’architecture autogérée is a research led practice</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">founded
by Constantin Petcou and Doina Petrescu in 2001 in Paris to</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">conduct
actions and research on participative architecture.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://r-urban.net/"><span style="color: #004ec7;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;">http://r-urban.net/</span></u></span></a></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://currystonedesignprize.com/winners/2011/atelier_d%E2%80%99architecture_autog%C3%25A%C3%A9e_paris"><span style="color: #004ec7;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;">http://currystonedesignprize.com/winners/2011/atelier_d%E2%80%99architecture_autog%C3%A%C3%A9e_paris</span></u></span></a></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
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<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"><b>"to
produce what we consume and consume what we produce"</b></span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">*
André Gorz, in Manifeste Utopia, Ed. Parangon, 2008</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">André
Gorz was one of the leading social philosophers of the 20th</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">century
and a pioneer of political ecology.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.toupie.org/Citations/Manifeste_utopia.htm"><span style="color: #004ec7;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;">http://www.toupie.org/Citations/Manifeste_utopia.htm</span></u></span></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"> </span></span></span>
</div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"><b>The
Transition Network</b></span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">The
Transition Network, founded in 2005, is an international</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">community-led
response to global warming and declining oil</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">reserves.
It continues to grow exponentially: more than 200 cities,</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">towns
and villages around the world have adopted the Transition</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">principles.
The movement is committed to adopting self-sufficient</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">solutions
to prepare communities to withstand the impact of, and</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">thrive
in a world transformed by an event known as “peak oil,” when</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">demand
for cheap energy outstrips supply, fundamentally altering the</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">global
economy and the way we live.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://currystonedesignprize.com/winners/2009/transition_network"><span style="color: #004ec7;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;">http://currystonedesignprize.com/winners/2009/transition_network</span></u></span></a></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
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<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"><b>"from
each according to his ability, to each according to his needs"</b></span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">Kibbutz
is a collective community in Israel that was traditionally</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">based
on agriculture. Kibbutzim began as utopian communities a</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">society
dedicated to mutual aid and social justice; a socioeconomic</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">system
based on the principle of joint ownership of property, equality</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">and
cooperation of production, consumption and education; the</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">fulfillment
of the idea "from each according to his ability, to each</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">according
to his needs". </span></span></span>
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_%26_Culture/kibbutz.html"><span style="color: #004ec7;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;">http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_&_Culture/kibbutz.html</span></u></span></a></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></span>
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;"><b>The
Garden City</b></span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">"As
the famous magnet diagram shows, Howard wanted to combine the</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">attractions
of urban life (employment, intensity of civic life) with</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">those
of the countryside (abundance of cheap land, natural beauty),</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">thus
ameliorating the shortcomings of both. </span></span></span>
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">Howard's
scheme was aimed at appropriating the appreciation of land</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">values
for the municipality and residents themselves. The proceedings</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">would
make it possible to both repay the long-term debt of the initial</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">loan
with added interest, to construct and maintain municipal</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">infrastructure
and to build up a local welfare state consisting of old</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">age
pensions and insurance. In this way, incrementally, and through</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">cooperative
means, the land would become the property of the</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">municipality
and inhabitants themselves. During this process, the</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">control
of the municipality would be progressively handed down to the</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">inhabitants,
in what was almost a form of direct democracy. In</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">Howard's
eyes, this was the path to peaceful reform as referenced in</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">his
book’s first title: an incremental way of bringing all the land</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">under
municipal ownership.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">Thus
the Garden City as proposed by Howard was one part political</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">utopia,
one part feasibility study."</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU-OHbaRHuIJqW7570sr_DMT-ricmZ0bIVRsmkjuI2LUImFXSvAtf-v71D9c3EW3qpl8Qn3B0SxEXv1AlWJlxGWaB-htAxMn8-dEVhfsTt-cVY9-tx5WomQD4oRe90tqeqN3fyHkrpsrg/s1600/garden_city_E_Howard_magnets.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU-OHbaRHuIJqW7570sr_DMT-ricmZ0bIVRsmkjuI2LUImFXSvAtf-v71D9c3EW3qpl8Qn3B0SxEXv1AlWJlxGWaB-htAxMn8-dEVhfsTt-cVY9-tx5WomQD4oRe90tqeqN3fyHkrpsrg/s640/garden_city_E_Howard_magnets.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">*
Merijn Oudenampsen, in 'The Cook, the Farmer, His Wife and Their</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">Neighbour',
Marjetica Potrc and Wilde Westen (Lucia Babina, Reinder</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">Bakker,
Hester van Dijk, Sylvain Hartenberg, Merijn Oudenampsen, Eva</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">Pfannes,
Henriette Waal), edited and published by Wilde Westen,</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">printed
by Dijkman, Amsterdam, 2010.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">Ebenezer
Howard is known for his publication Garden Cities of</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">To-morrow
(1898), the description of a utopian city in which people</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">live
harmoniously together with nature. The publication resulted in</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #1f1f1f;">the
founding of the garden city movement.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Howard"><span style="color: #004ec7;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Howard</span></u></span></a></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5097451988277838343.post-29000754171773453022012-11-25T03:30:00.000-08:002013-02-07T23:58:49.777-08:00Exercise1: gathering<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Times;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>The
commons and Elinor Ostrom</b></span></span></div>
<div style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Times;"><span style="font-size: small;">Elenor Osrom saw "the tragedy of
the commons" turned into "the comedy of the commons".
Meaning that she does believe in the power of humans to organize
themselves and find ways to manage common goods well and not having
them privatized.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Times;"><span style="font-size: small;">"Best of all, they (the rules)
were not imposed from above. Mrs Ostrom put no faith in governments,
nor in large conservation schemes paid for with aid money and
crawling with concrete-bearing engineers. “Polycentrism” was her
ideal. Caring for the commons had to be a multiple task, organised
from the ground up and shaped to cultural norms. It had to be
discussed face to face, and based on trust."</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Times;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">"The
best-laid communal schemes would fall apart once people began to act
only as individuals, or formed elites." Source:
<a href="http://www.economist.com/node/21557717" target="_blank">http://www.economist.com/node/21557717</a></span></span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Times;"><span style="font-size: small;">"Tragedy of the commons" is
thought in a way, that people overuse or underuse goods that are not
regulated from above or owned by someone. Like fishery: the fisherman
knows he should leave some fishes for keeping the population alive,
but he's fishing as much as possible because he knows as well that if
he does not take the fish someone else will take it.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Times;"><span style="font-size: small;">In opposite of that is the "comedy
of the commons" thought. Wikipedia is an example: the more
people read and work on the articles, the better the Information
gets. An not virtual but physical good could be the idea behind food
cooperatives: the more peep use the cooperative, the easier it is to
produce and think long term for the farmer.</span></span> <style type="text/css"><!--
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<a href="http://potrc.org/b/elinor_ostrom_commons_sense" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: Times;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></a></div>
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Allemannsretten (Everyman's right) in Norway:</span></b></div>
<div style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Allemannsretten is the right for anyone to use someone else's owned property.</span></div>
<div style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The main part of the right is the right to pass or travel over it.</span></div>
<div style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Other
parts included is the right to swim in owned water, if not to close to
settlements, pick berries, mushrooms and nuts and also put up a tent for
one to two days. Right to fish or hunt is usually not included. Fire is
also usually prohibited, though in Norway and Sweden it can be allowed
with proper safety precautions.</span></div>
<div style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Important
to notice is that the right is only applied to "utmark" (outer
grounds), meaning it doesn't apply to areas around houses, cultivated
land (although allowed when frozen and snow covered) and such where it
could disturb someones privacy.</span></div>
<div style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Allemansretten
does not come without responsibilities. Everyone using it is expected
to treat the nature surroundings and people in the area with respect,
not to litter or in some way harming the environment.</span></div>
<div style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The right also exist in Sweden, Finland and Island, if with some differences.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Further reading:</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_to_roam" target="_blank">Freedom</a> </span><br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Buliding a stove</span></b></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b></b><br /></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Our idea for Tromsø was to built a stove simply and effectively in the use.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Moreover, it should needs less wood as possible to spare resources but also still provide for warmth in the job the whole day.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">After a long research we discovered a stove, to which exactly this applied.</span></div>
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">how to build a rocket stove mass heater</span></b></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b></b><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">"The rocket store mass heater is innovative and efficient space heating system developed from the rocket stove, a type of hyper-efficient wood-burning stove."</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_mass_heater)</span></div>
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<li style="font: 12.0px Arial; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 19.0px 0.0px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">rocket mass heaters in a nutshell</span></b></li>
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<li style="font: 12.0px Arial; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">heat your home with 80% to 90% less wood</span></li>
<li style="font: 12.0px Arial; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">exhaust is nearly pure steam and CO2 (a little smoke at the beginning)</span></li>
<li style="font: 12.0px Arial; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">the heat from one fire can last for days</span></li>
<li style="font: 12.0px Arial; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">you can build one in a day and half</span></li>
<li style="font: 12.0px Arial; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">folks have built them spending less than $20</span></li>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(http://www.google.de/imgres?imgurl=http://www.richsoil.com/images/rocket-mass-heater-diagram.png&imgrefurl=http://www.richsoil.com/rocket-stove-mass-heater.jsp&h=439&w=770&sz=175&tbnid=GNyKDh2Yar7k9M:&tbnh=68&tbnw=120&prev=/search%3Fq%3Drocket%2Bstove%2Bmass%2Bheater%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Du&zoom=1&q=rocket+stove+mass+heater&usg=__duitus7OkvvmegfFkzNdqAlGiG4=&docid=QKYX1Uu5MFYtnM&sa=X&ei=XLH1UKqOKczDswbAhoGADw&ved=0CEMQ9QEwAQ&dur=604)</span></div>
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Working on the stove</span></b></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b></b><br /></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">…take time to think about it!</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">…and then it simply acts!</span></div>
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<h3>
<b>Aetzel Griffioen</b></h3>
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<pre><a href="http://www.arcticfrontiers.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1247%3Acontested-landscapes-lost-ecologies-critical-perspectives-on-landscapes-of-extraction&catid=266%3Aside-events&Itemid=371&lang=en" target="_blank"></a><a href="http://www.collective-action.info/_Tea_TineDeMoor%20%20" target="_blank"> Tine De Moor Institutions for Collective Action</a>
</pre>
<pre> </pre>
<pre><a href="http://www.criticallegalthinking.com/2011/07/21/common-rights-humans-as-nature-nature-as-human/" target="_blank">http://www.criticallegalthinking.com/2011/07/21/common-rights-humans-as-nature-nature-as-human/</a> </pre>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5097451988277838343.post-11914220000785832852012-11-25T03:00:00.000-08:002013-01-23T03:02:00.256-08:00Exercise2: growing<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5097451988277838343.post-62451701075554855022012-11-25T02:45:00.000-08:002012-12-05T07:07:58.598-08:00Exercise3: harvesting<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5097451988277838343.post-9195897166297375782012-11-25T02:40:00.000-08:002013-01-21T23:59:52.172-08:00Exercise4: preparing resources and materials<br />
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<b>Curry Stone Design Prize</b><br /><br />"The Curry Stone Design Prize was created in the belief that designers can be an instrumental force for improving people’s lives and the state of the world. Our goal is to make the talents of leading designers available to broader segments of society and to inspire the next generation of designers to harness their ingenuity and craft for social good." <br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/%28http://currystonedesignprize.com/about%29" target="_blank">currystonedesignprize</a><br /><br />
This year is the 6th presentation of the Curry Stone Design Prize in June and it takes place in New York.<br />Artists from the wide fields of the design and architecture, which deal of course inseparably with the question of the lastingness in the area of the social life are represented.<br />Chosen are projects which are innovative and has never been before.<br />It is a matter in the ideas and innovations of growing, of inspiring people and of making hope for improvements of the everyday society.<br /><br />"Liter of Light" is a project which deals with the necessity of light in our daily lifes.<br />In many places of this world electricity is no implicitness and thus even the lighting of the living space becomes a problem.<br />Illac Diaz made by his simple solution light for everybody accessible in which he installed full bottles on roofs with water in such a way that they were illuminated by the sun and provided light in the interior.<br />
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Another winner of the design prize is <b>Atelier d'Architecture Autogérée.</b><br />" Atelier d'Architecture Autogérée is a collective of architects, designers and social scientists who transform urban spaces through collaborative, localized endeavors." It deals with empowering local communities to carry out and sustain their own ideas for urban space regeneration.<br />
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<span class="long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" title="Atelier d'Architecture Autogérée - Collective Urban Architecture"> </span><br />
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<span class="long-title yt-uix-expander-head" dir="ltr" title="Atelier d'Architecture Autogérée - Collective Urban Architecture"> " <b>Hsieh Ying-Chun</b> is a leading Taiwanese architect who for over a decade has deployed his talents in rural areas that have been decimated by natural disaster. Hsieh works throughout Asia, training villagers to build locally appropriate dwellings in response to the devastation of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, the 1999 Nantou earthquake and the 2009 Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan." He is an architect, who is not only interested in building houses, also he wants to make houses saver, sustainable and more favourably under construction. By use of resources from the closer surroundings, the simplistic construction form and the assistance of the inhabitants he gets reduce the costs on up to 50% and to strengthen the sense of community, a community which is living in the disaster area.</span><br />
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5097451988277838343.post-29063628569443424632012-11-25T02:30:00.000-08:002013-01-21T23:46:59.331-08:00Exercise5: improvising<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">EXCHANGE </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="EOP SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 26px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">The</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">political</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">economists</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">argued</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">two</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">centuries</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">ago</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">that</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">economies</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">are</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">based</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> on </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">three</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="EOP SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="Paragraph SCX25712024" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">functions</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">: </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">production</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">, </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">consumption</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">, </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">exchange</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">. </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">This</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> is </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">also</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">bartering</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">system</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">In</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">exchange</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">more</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; 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font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">richer</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">you</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">are</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; 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font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">of </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">consuption</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">based</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">living</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">. </span></span><span class="EOP SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">There</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">should</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> be</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> a </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">new</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">definition</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">for</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">work</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">living</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">.And</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> it is </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">exchanging</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">goods</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">services</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX25712024" style="margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX25712024" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">instead</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> of </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">possession</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">, </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">peo</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">ple</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">are</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">sharing</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">their</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">time,</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">skills</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">anything</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">between</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">each</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">other</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX25712024" style="margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX25712024" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">this</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> is a </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">way</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> of </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">shaking</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">our</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">robotic</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> life.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">Our</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> intern</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">et is a </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">big</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">pool</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> of </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">gift</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">sharing</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">.</span></span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX25712024" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">It</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> is a </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">free</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">source</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">to</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">learn</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">create</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">With</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">our</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">expanding</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> internet</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">,</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">new</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">websites</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX25712024" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">projects</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">like</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">uniiverse,</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">wikipedia</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">,</span></span><span class="EOP SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">timebanking,skillshare</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">,snapgoods,m</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">eal</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">exchange</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> is </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX25712024" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">becoming</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">bigger</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">and</span></span><span class="EOP SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">sharing</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> is </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">rising</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">. </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">Other</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">than</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">consuption</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">money</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">based</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">living</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">, </span></span><span class="EOP SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX25712024" style="margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX25712024" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">There</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> is </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">no</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">need</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">for</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">domination</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">or</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">competition</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">. </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">S</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">haring</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> is </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">establishing</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> a link </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">between</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">people</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX25712024" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"></span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="EOP SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">also</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> it is </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">creating</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">happiness</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">trust</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">It</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> is </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">developing</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">social</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">ties</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">obligations</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> in </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">community.</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="Paragraph SCX25712024" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">Which</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> is</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> a </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">win</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">win</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">situation</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">More</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">you</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">give</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> is </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">more</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">you</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">get</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX25712024" style="background-color: inherit;">!</span></span><span class="EOP SCX25712024" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<b><span class="TextRun SCX233934132" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX233934132" style="background-color: inherit;">TIME BANKING</span></span><span class="EOP SCX233934132" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></b></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX117478281" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX117478281" style="background-color: inherit;">What</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX117478281" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX117478281" style="background-color: inherit;"> time </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX117478281" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX117478281" style="background-color: inherit;">banking</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX117478281" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX117478281" style="background-color: inherit;"> is </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX117478281" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX117478281" style="background-color: inherit;">reciprocal</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX117478281" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX117478281" style="background-color: inherit;"> service </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX117478281" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX117478281" style="background-color: inherit;">which</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX117478281" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX117478281" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX117478281" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX117478281" style="background-color: inherit;">uses</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX117478281" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX117478281" style="background-color: inherit;"> time as </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX117478281" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX117478281" style="background-color: inherit;">currency</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX117478281" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 18px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX117478281" style="background-color: inherit;">.</span></span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">TEM</span></span><span class="EOP SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">People in </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">Greek</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">found</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> a </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">way</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">out</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">from</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">their</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">economic</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">crisis</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">The</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">group’s</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">concept</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> is </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">simple</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">. People </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">sign</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">up</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">online</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">get</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">access</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="EOP SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">to</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> a </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">database</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">that</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> is </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">kind</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> of </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">like</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> a </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">members-only</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">Craigslist</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">. </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">One</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">unit</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="EOP SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX188430340" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX188430340" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">of</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> TEM is </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">equal</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> in </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">value</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">to</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">one</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">euro</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">, </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> it can be </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">used</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">to</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">exchange</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="EOP SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX188430340" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX188430340" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">good</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">services</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">. </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">Members</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">start</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">their</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">accounts</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">with</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">zero</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">, </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">they</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="EOP SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX188430340" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX188430340" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">accrue</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">credit</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">by</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">offering</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">goods</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">services</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">. </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">They</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> can </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">borrow</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">up</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">to</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="EOP SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX188430340" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX188430340" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">300 </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">TEMs</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">, but </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">they</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">are</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">expected</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">to</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">repay</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">the</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">loan</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">within</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> a </span></span><span class="EOP SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX188430340" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
<div class="Paragraph SCX188430340" style="background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Segoe UI',Tahoma,Verdana,'Sans-Serif'; font-size: 6pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">fixed</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">period</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;"> of time.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><a class="Hyperlink SCX188430340" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17686384" style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="TextRun Underlined SCX188430340" style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px; text-decoration: underline;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX188430340" style="background-color: inherit;">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17686384</span></span></a><span class="TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"></span><span class="EOP SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="EOP SCX188430340" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 20px;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX259120634" style="margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">
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<span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;">Meal Exchange</span></span><span class="EOP SCX259120634" style="font-family: Calibri,Sans-Serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 26px;"> </span></div>
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<span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;">It</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;"> is a </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;">Canadian</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; 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font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;">sharing</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;">food</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; 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font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;">and</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;">make</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;">people</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;">reach</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;">healty</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="SpellingError SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;">foods</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: white; font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX259120634" style="background-color: inherit;">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX259120634" style="font-family: Cambria,Serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 21px;"> </span></div>
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5097451988277838343.post-58355841667461678602012-11-25T02:20:00.000-08:002013-02-08T00:00:57.043-08:00Exercise6: exploring<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNnBb0w_ptBnYhlRe3pyJCWmgZ9PxRWNW1jZeTCXNNvvjil08xDT1PIT9qJDjwEk1pxSdbNhkh2Lmao9LGBUCqMSZuvflO6EP01khQO3HuVC0hQFqNpnUuHPubOQsIV7dmz5njHYSVDww/s1600/task6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNnBb0w_ptBnYhlRe3pyJCWmgZ9PxRWNW1jZeTCXNNvvjil08xDT1PIT9qJDjwEk1pxSdbNhkh2Lmao9LGBUCqMSZuvflO6EP01khQO3HuVC0hQFqNpnUuHPubOQsIV7dmz5njHYSVDww/s640/task6.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<pre>The Anthropocene Project</pre>
<pre><a href="http://www.hkw.de/en/programm/2013/anthropozaen_eine_eroeffnung/anthropozaen_eine_eroeffnung_83251.php" target="_blank">http://www.hkw.de</a> </pre>
<pre></pre>
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<pre></pre>
<pre> </pre>
<pre>In a two-year project, HKW will explore the hypothesis’ manifold
implications for the sciences and arts.</pre>
<pre> </pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3LWd2hYMFEg5AlW-rc59aMhWxIQyEHQSzyNbEYhxhWvsWcSKF1qCp2kNbxNP8P0UG8NruyuONE25TQjd3jCYfK_yqSFAvGlnZuBF_6Dp3nl0YZIXLZkCDRK5gz1wkx2-7jX0KkYiLzRg/s1600/anthropocene_HKW_das_anthropozaen_eine_eroeffnung.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3LWd2hYMFEg5AlW-rc59aMhWxIQyEHQSzyNbEYhxhWvsWcSKF1qCp2kNbxNP8P0UG8NruyuONE25TQjd3jCYfK_yqSFAvGlnZuBF_6Dp3nl0YZIXLZkCDRK5gz1wkx2-7jX0KkYiLzRg/s320/anthropocene_HKW_das_anthropozaen_eine_eroeffnung.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<pre> </pre>
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<pre>Our notion of nature is now out of date. Humanity forms nature. This
is the core premise of the Anthropocene thesis, announcing a paradigm
shift in the natural sciences as well as providing new models for
culture, politics, and everyday life. </pre>
<pre> </pre>
<pre> </pre>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicHD8Cgva048obMzfB_BQPjFLkrfavX8BuCxnGRqPd-Po5to3LzxMZw7Jdf9cZWw0KQ7lpEKh3pPsbDx4qQQNaKWKkcHXesyuE83UV26Xnx4pyhmAu9R6DLonlwMkoSuSXkQz11RCDcnE/s1600/antropocene_the_economist_20110528_bbc974%25282%2529.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="174" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicHD8Cgva048obMzfB_BQPjFLkrfavX8BuCxnGRqPd-Po5to3LzxMZw7Jdf9cZWw0KQ7lpEKh3pPsbDx4qQQNaKWKkcHXesyuE83UV26Xnx4pyhmAu9R6DLonlwMkoSuSXkQz11RCDcnE/s320/antropocene_the_economist_20110528_bbc974%25282%2529.gif" width="320" /></a></div>
<pre> </pre>
<pre> </pre>
<pre>If the opposition between humanity and nature is now suspended, how do
we change our perspectives and perception? Is it still possible to
think in concepts like “artificial” and “natural?” What does it mean
for our anthropocentric understanding and our future if nature is
man-made? What impact does the notion of global changes has on
political decision-making? Which image of humanity appears if nature
is shaped by mankind?</pre>
<pre> </pre>
<pre> </pre>
<pre> </pre>
<pre><a href="http://www.economist.com/node/18741749" target="_blank">The Anthropocene: A man-made world</a> </pre>
<pre> </pre>
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<pre>Erle Ellis, an ecologist at the University of MD Baltimore County,<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Times;"> </span></span>on the Antropocene. Courtesy of The Economist.</pre>
<pre> </pre>
<pre> </pre>
<pre> </pre>
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=ABZjlfhN0EQ" target="_blank">http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=ABZjlfhN0EQ</a> <br />
<pre></pre>
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<div style="margin-bottom: 0.5cm;">
<b>The Earth system is our planet's
interacting physical, chemical, and biological processes.
It consists of the land, oceans, atmosphere and poles. It
includes the planet´s natural cycles — the carbon, water,
nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and other cycles. Every living thing
affects its surroundings. But humanity is now influencing every
aspect of the Earth as excessive as never before. We’re changing
the way water moves around the globe as never before. Almost all the
planet’s ecosystems bear the marks of our presence.</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.5cm;">
<span lang="en">A growing number of
scientists think we’ve entered a new geological epoch that needs a
new name – the Anthropocene.</span></div>
<div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
Probably the best-known aspect
of our newfound influence is what we’re doing to the climate.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide may be at its highest level in 15 million
years. But this is just one part of the story; we’re changing the
planet in countless ways. Nutrients from fertilizer wash off fields
and down rivers, creating stretches of sea where nothing grows except
vast algal blooms; deforestation means vast quantities of soil are
being eroded and swept away. Rich grasslands are turning to desert;
ancient ice formations are melting away; species everywhere are
vanishing.</div>
<div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
<span lang="en">These
developments are all connected, and there’s a risk of irreversible
dramatic changes leading us into a future that’s extremly different
from anything we knew from before. Slowly we are creating a hotter,
stormier and less diverse planet.</span></div>
<div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
The first modern humans
appeared in African 200,000 years ago. Agriculture bound people to
the land, leading to permanent settlements. Settlements grew into
villages, and then into cities, countries and empires. People
domesticated plants and animals, breeding them to make them more
productive and inventing new tools to help plant and harvest crops.
Ever-increasing areas of wild land came under human control. Forests
were cut down, grasslands ploughed up and rivers diverted for
irrigation.</div>
<div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
Over the past two centuries the
human population and the economic wealth of the world have grown
rapidly. These two factors increased the level of consuption. This we
can see in agriculture and food production, forestry, industrial
development, energy production and urbanisation. All of the
aproximately seven million people on earth share basic human needs:
water, food, shelter, good health and employment. The ways in which
these needs come together are critical factors of the environmental
consequences. In the developed world, wealth, and more importantly
the demand for a broad range of goods and services is placing
significant demands on global resources.
Between 1970 and 1997,
the global consumption of energy increased by 84%, and consumption of
materials also increased dramatically.
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
Over the past three centuries, the amount of land used for
agriculture has increased dramatically. Furthermore, large areas of
land area have been lost to degradation, due, for example, to soil
erosion, chemical contamination and salinisation.
<br />
<div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
<br />
<br /></div>
<h2>
Arguments for a new epoch, the Anthropocene, by
<a href="http://www.igbp.net/">http://www.igbp.net</a> include:</h2>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
In the last 150 years humankind
has exhausted 40% of the known oil reserves that took several
hundred million years to generate</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
Nearly 50% of the land surface has
been transformed by direct human action, with significant
consequences for biodiversity, nutrient cycling, soil structure,
soil biology, and climate
</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
More nitrogen is now fixed
synthetically for fertilisers and through fossil fuel combustion
than is fixed naturally in all terrestrial ecosystems
</div>
</li>
<li><div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
<span lang="en">More than
half of all accessible freshwater is appropriated for human
purposes, and underground water resources are being depleted rapidly
in many areas
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqcfezxZKQl5-MKwbnSkzpTxgMjzwruxzxFaEQph93Eu4bPKsL1l4DpTTXReLtcZuNKXr4itsrjLZ9F_QJbCxcYZ4Up9AJcri_-R582c6GVnldP2h2z0AzK03ulmX_maDRvkJeIvHrdnU/s1600/Bildschirmaufnahme+5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqcfezxZKQl5-MKwbnSkzpTxgMjzwruxzxFaEQph93Eu4bPKsL1l4DpTTXReLtcZuNKXr4itsrjLZ9F_QJbCxcYZ4Up9AJcri_-R582c6GVnldP2h2z0AzK03ulmX_maDRvkJeIvHrdnU/s400/Bildschirmaufnahme+5.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
<span lang="en"> Photograph by
Henry Fair</span>
</div>
<div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
<span lang="en">Moving
Mountains</span></div>
<div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
<span lang="en">Kayford
Mountain, West Virginia</span></div>
<div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
<span lang="en">As oil
companies drill deeper for offshore oil, mining companies work 24/7
to level Appalachian peaks for coal, which supplies half of U.S.
electricity. This summit vanished in a day. Some 470 have been erased
since the 1980s; the waste often buries streams. Mountaintop removal
recovers just 6 percent of a coal deposit.</span></div>
<div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixJrH9NBNPWSgaNQlm5lmgkDgSoIL2YSL4IJdCznpI1p7tUBlnHG7q7RzCBDmxz3I-5hCt6DLI-aP-3rKzI4vgBxEq15iCV4CNQYWzuEhIjWPxfozm00-sgvJM5OpNTibfL5mUoke_Aaw/s1600/Bildschirmaufnahme+8.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixJrH9NBNPWSgaNQlm5lmgkDgSoIL2YSL4IJdCznpI1p7tUBlnHG7q7RzCBDmxz3I-5hCt6DLI-aP-3rKzI4vgBxEq15iCV4CNQYWzuEhIjWPxfozm00-sgvJM5OpNTibfL5mUoke_Aaw/s400/Bildschirmaufnahme+8.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
<span lang="en"> Photograph by
Edward Burtynsky</span></div>
<div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
<span lang="en">Industrial
Farming</span></div>
<div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
<span lang="en">Almería
Province, Spain</span></div>
<div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
<span lang="en">On the arid
plains of southern Spain, produce is grown under the world's largest
array of greenhouses and trucked north. Greenhouses use water and
nutrients efficiently and produce all year—tomatoes in winter, for
instance. But globally the challenge is grain and meat, not tomatoes.
It takes 38 percent of Earth's ice-free surface to feed seven billion
people today, and two billion more are expected by 2050.</span></div>
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<div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
<span lang="en"> Photograph by
Pablo Lopez Luz</span></div>
<div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
<span lang="en">Urban
Supersprawl</span></div>
<div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
<span lang="en">Mexico City,
Mexico </span>
</div>
<div style="border: none; padding: 0cm;">
<span lang="en">Some 20 million
people live in Mexico City, the world's fifth largest metropolitan
area. In 1800 the urban fraction of the global population was 3
percent. Today it is 50 percent and rising. In crowded shantytowns,
the need for clean water and sanitation is urgent. But urbanization
has an upside: Per capita, cities use less energy and pollute less
than rural areas.</span></div>
<pre></pre>
<pre> </pre>
<pre> </pre>
<pre> </pre>
<h2>
<b>Arcticfrontiers</b> </h2>
<pre><a href="http://www.arcticfrontiers.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1247%3Acontested-landscapes-lost-ecologies-critical-perspectives-on-landscapes-of-extraction&catid=266%3Aside-events&Itemid=371&lang=en" target="_blank">www.arcticfrontiers.com</a> </pre>
<pre> </pre>
<pre> </pre>
<h2>
WATER</h2>
<pre><a href="http://p2pfoundation.net/Water_Commons" target="_blank">http://p2pfoundation.net/Water_Commons</a>
<a href="http://ourwatercommons.org/" target="_blank">http://ourwatercommons.org/</a>
</pre>
<pre> </pre>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5097451988277838343.post-50311619957180352332012-11-25T02:10:00.000-08:002012-12-05T07:09:03.553-08:00Exercise7: mapping<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm4w8F14BGVu9AoJqWpcxF8DLZDOWKFKKR4kNMLmDjEoKYke7Q8Zv-NXNxbSKJO5h0X_O_l-HK5oACCqA_Chehesf_uy2w2OBwhBo2BAf6hEqveXa5cEbiquzOuuZbZSPngR418JVU6jQ/s1600/task7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm4w8F14BGVu9AoJqWpcxF8DLZDOWKFKKR4kNMLmDjEoKYke7Q8Zv-NXNxbSKJO5h0X_O_l-HK5oACCqA_Chehesf_uy2w2OBwhBo2BAf6hEqveXa5cEbiquzOuuZbZSPngR418JVU6jQ/s640/task7.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5097451988277838343.post-41409735924036775882012-11-25T02:00:00.000-08:002012-12-05T07:09:19.443-08:00Exercise8: storytelling<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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